Every year on 19 June, the world observes the International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict, a day dedicated to raising awareness about one of the most devastating consequences of war and armed conflict. Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015, the observance honours survivors, remembers victims, and calls for stronger action against the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.
Sexual violence in conflict is not merely a by-product of war. International law recognizes it as a war crime, a crime against humanity, and, in certain circumstances, an act of genocide. Such violence is often used deliberately to terrorize communities, force displacement, break social bonds, and exert control over populations.
The date commemorates the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1820 on 19 June 2008, which formally recognized sexual violence as a tactic of war and a threat to international peace and security. Seven years later, the UN General Assembly designated 19 June as the annual day of observance.
The term "conflict-related sexual violence" includes rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, forced abortion, enforced sterilization, forced marriage, and other forms of sexual violence linked directly or indirectly to armed conflict. It can affect women, men, girls, and boys. Human trafficking for sexual exploitation during conflict also falls within this category.
One of the greatest challenges in addressing these crimes is underreporting. Fear of retaliation, social stigma, lack of access to justice, and inadequate support services often prevent survivors from coming forward. Experts estimate that for every reported case, many more remain undocumented.
The consequences of sexual violence extend far beyond the immediate physical harm. Survivors often face severe psychological trauma, depression, anxiety, social isolation, and economic hardship. In many societies, victims may be ostracized by their communities or even their families.
Children born as a result of conflict-related sexual violence can also face discrimination and exclusion. The trauma experienced by survivors frequently affects future generations, creating cycles of suffering that continue long after conflicts end. This intergenerational impact has become a major focus of recent UN campaigns.
Recent UN observances have highlighted the theme of addressing the intergenerational effects of conflict-related sexual violence. The goal is not only to support survivors but also to ensure that their children and families receive protection, care, and opportunities for healing.
According to UN Secretary-General António Guterres, the pain caused by these crimes often stretches across lifetimes, affecting descendants of survivors. He has called for survivor-centred services, accountability for perpetrators, and greater efforts to prevent future violence.
Conflict-related sexual violence continues to be reported in several regions affected by war and political instability. International organizations and human rights groups have documented allegations and verified cases in conflicts across different parts of the world, underscoring the continuing need for monitoring, accountability, and survivor support.
Despite increased international attention, many perpetrators remain unpunished. Weak justice systems, ongoing conflicts, political obstacles, and limited resources often prevent effective investigations and prosecutions. Survivors frequently struggle to access medical care, psychological support, legal assistance, and safe reporting mechanisms.
Experts and international organizations stress that eliminating conflict-related sexual violence requires a comprehensive and survivor-centred approach. This includes strengthening legal systems to ensure that perpetrators are effectively investigated and prosecuted, while also expanding access to healthcare, psychological counselling, and legal assistance for survivors. Efforts must be made to combat the stigma and discrimination that often prevent victims from seeking help or reporting crimes.
Supporting women-led and community-based organizations is equally important, as these groups are often at the forefront of providing assistance and advocacy in conflict-affected areas. In addition, improving documentation and reporting mechanisms can help ensure that cases are properly recorded and addressed, while investing in prevention strategies and early-warning systems can reduce the risk of such violence occurring during conflicts.
The International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict serves as a reminder that justice, dignity, and support for survivors must remain a global priority. While awareness has grown over the years, the persistence of these crimes shows that much work remains.
Ending conflict-related sexual violence requires more than condemnation. It demands accountability, resources, political commitment, and sustained support for survivors. By listening to their voices and addressing the long-term consequences of these crimes, societies can move closer to healing and lasting peace.
Sources: United Nations, United Nations in India, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations ,WHO PMNCH
